rhythm                                                                                                                                                                                                 time_signature
piramideNOTE LENGHTS

PARTS OF A NOTE
parts
All of the parts of a note affect how long it lasts.
The head of the note may be filled in (black), or not. The note may also have (or not) a stem, one or more flags, beams connecting it to other notes, or one or more dots following the head of the note. All of these things affect how much time the note is given in the music.
   

LENTH OF A NOTE
With the note lenghts we can know how long each sound lasts.

whole     WHOLE NOTE or SEMIBREVE (4 beats)                                       half      HALF NOTE or MINIM (2 beats)
quarterQUARTER NOTE or CROTCHET (1 beat)                                        eightEIGHT NOTE or QUAVER (1/2 beat)
sixteenthSIXTEENTH NOTE or SEMIQUAVER (1/4 beat)
The note with no stems or flags is a WHOLE NOTE.
All others note lengths are defined by how long they last compared to a whole note.
A note that lasts half as long as a whole note is a HALF NOTE.
A note that lasts quarter as long as a whole note is a QUARTER NOTE.
The pattern continues with EIGTH NOTE, SIXTEENTHE NOTE and so on, each type of note being half the length of the previous type.

Two or more quavers or shorter noter notes can be joined together with a BEAM:
eight                                                                    sixteenth
                                                         4 quavers beamed together                                                      4 sixteenth notes beamed together


Take a look:

piramide

RESTS

Music does not consist only of sound, it also includes silences.
As we know how long each sound lasts with the note lengths we can know how long each silence lasts.
Each rest symbol corresponds with a particular note length.
  whole restWHOLE NOTE AND REST                                half rest   HALF NOTES AND REST

quarter rest  QUARTER NOTES AND REST                                   eight rest  EIGHT NOTES AND REST

                 sixteenth rest   SIXTEENTH NOTES AND REST

rests
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