II Republic
On the 12th April 1931, there were local elections. In general, supporters of the monarchy won the elections but Republicans won in most of the provincial capitals, less dominated by local caciques, so they considered themselves the real winners.
Because of there results, Alfonso XIII went into exile. A provisional government proclaimed the second republic, on the 14th April of 1931.
The Provisional Government and the 1931 Constitution. The new government was integrated by the political parties that signed the San Sebastian Pact, presided by Alcalá Zamora.
The government started some reforms and called elections that the Republicans won.
The new Cortes made a democratic Constitution (1931) where all the political parties could be represented.
The main features of the constitution were:
- Individual freedom of expression, meeting or association.
- Right to divorce was introduced.
- Universal suffrage (for men and women)
- A secular state, without an official religion. Everybody had the right to practise any religion and to receive secular education.
- Territorial decentralized organisation: the possibility of creating autonomous regions was open. Other languages, apart from official Spanish, were recognized.
- The importance of the welfare state; the state created public schools …
This was the first democratic constitution in Spain. Part of the country did not accept it because of the parts of the constitution about religion and territorial 
autonomy
There were riots in the main cities and plots against the republic. Moderate Republicans left the government, unhappy because of the articles in the constitution that affected religion. Azaña was elected president of the government.